How Much Is the Eco-Efficiency of Agricultural Production in West China? Evidence from the Village Level Data.

Hui Xiang,Ya Hui Wang,Qi Qi Huang,Qing Yuan Yang

doi:10.3390/ijerph17114049

Abstract

This study evaluates the eco-efficiency of agriculture in Pupiao Town, in the Yunnan province of China, through micro-level research. The term "eco-efficiency" refers to the efficiency with which ecological resources are used to meet human needs. Interviews and field research were conducted to collect the data of the 23 villages from 2016 to 2018. The Data Envelopment Analysis model (DEA) was used for data analysis. The results were as follows: (1) The eco-efficiency scores of Pupiao Town had considerable spatial heterogeneity, exhibiting a general trend of higher in the middle and lower in the east and west, which suggested eco-efficiency may be correlated with topography and transportation. (2) The value of eco-efficiency for the entire town had considerable areas for improvement and showed a slow-growth trend. (3) Fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural diesel, agricultural carbon emission, and non-point source pollution had a significant impact on eco-efficiency, followed by agricultural labor and arable land. (4) Agricultural chemicals were primary determinants affecting eco-efficiency. Most of the factors had a stronger effect on the eastern and western regions. The study suggests that transportation should be improved to promote the conveyance of market information and the application of more efficient and productive farm methods. The most important way is to improve effective utilization and to reduce the amount of agricultural chemicals. In addition, it is necessary to offer technical training and help to support farmers in upgrading their farm operations.

Highlights

The agricultural sector is considered as the most important production sector in rural areas and remains the primary source of income and livelihood for most of the rural population in developing areas [1,2]
At the microscale, we only found one relevant study [56]: research on Spanish farmers showing the effectiveness of agri-environmental programs in improving eco-efficiency
Considering the availability of indicators and actual agricultural production values, the eco-efficiency evaluation system used in this study can be classified into three aspects: input factors, expected output factors, and unexpected output factors

Summary

Introduction

The agricultural sector is considered as the most important production sector in rural areas and remains the primary source of income and livelihood for most of the rural population in developing areas [1,2]. Aimed towards improving crop productivity, intensive agrochemicals have been used in croplands without considering the negative impact on the environment [3,9,10]. This problem requires considerable attention, in developing and resource-poor economies [11]. One example is China, where the agricultural economy has rapidly developed in the last few decades [12,13].

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion