Abstract
We quantitatively investigate the impact of uncontrolled and controlled charging demand of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on electricity generation, loss-of-load probability (LOLP), and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) in Australia. We consider both high- and low-fuel-economy (HE and LE) BEVs, assume BEV penetration rates (EVPR) ranging from 0 to 100%, and three controlled charging participation rates (0%, 53% and 100%). The spatio-temporal distribution of BEV load is estimated by a GIS-based probabilistic model at a high-resolution level for Australia. The BEV charging impact is simulated by an hourly supply-demand model, respecting currently existing installed capacity, operating technologies and LOLP standards, to simulate an electricity dispatch for an entire year. BEV charging is spatially and temporally optimised to achieve minimum levelized cost. We show that the current Australian national grid can support HE and LE BEVs at 5–10% penetration for uncontrolled charging, and around 60–70% for controlled charging. Controlled charging also reduces electricity cost by up to around 4–6%.
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