How Livestock and Industrial Energy Affect Indonesia’s Surface Temperature

Abstract

As part of the agricultural sector, livestock is a source of food for Indonesia and consumers abroad. Therefore, the demand for livestock commodities tends to increase, aligning with the positive growth of the population. Additionally, as part of their efforts to promote higher consumption, one of the attempts made by producers and the government as policymakers is to encourage an increase in the livestock population from time to time. On the other hand, the industrial sector that engages in processing likewise continues to expand to improve products downstream. However, the increase in the number of livestock and industries can contribute to the rise in emissions that impact environmental conditions. In this study, the environmental situation referred to is temperature variations. Moreover, this research aims to determine the impact of livestock population and energy consumption in the industrial sector on temperature changes. The method used in this research is explanatory. The data sources used for multiple linear regression analysis came from the World Bank, Indonesia’s Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. The analysis reveals that large and small livestock, as well as energy use in the industrial sector are factors that have an impact on Indonesia’s temperature. Large and small livestock cause an increase in temperature due to the large number of emissions produced by enteric fermentation and excretion. Meanwhile, the rise in energy consumption is inversely proportional to changes in temperature. This condition occurred because of the higher proportion of renewable energy in total energy consumption.