Abstract
Ecology Abiotic forces, such as fire and water, have powerful effects on ecosystem structure and function. Animals that eat plants also have strong effects in natural systems, but their impacts are harder to assess. Hempson et al. measured how herbivores affect vegetation across Africa (see the Perspective by Gill). Four distinct herbivory regimes emerge from the analysis, characterized by forest antelopes, arid-region gazelles, high-diversity savannah fauna, and bulk feeders (such as elephants), which have had equivalent impact to those of fire and water on shaping ecosystems. Science , this issue p. [1056][1]; see also p. [1036][2] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aac7978 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aad6760
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