Abstract
Many studies have found that supported employment (SE) has effectively helped people with severe mental illness obtain and maintain competitive employment. However, most SE studies have asked “What works?” rather than discerning what works for whom, in what circumstances, in what respects and how. It is important to understand the outcomes of SE and identify the impact factors (contexts and mechanisms) that can trigger them. Four literature databases were searched for studies that analyzed counseling settings. Overall, 104 publications met the inclusion criteria. The review showed that most of the research on SE programs were one-dimensional, looking at either the effects of SE programs, the client or the professional, or the relationship between clients and professionals. The model reveals that impact factors are interconnected and can have a cumulative impact on the client, professionals, and the environment.
Highlights
For many people, work means belonging to a society
individual placement and support (IPS) is based on eight principles: eligibility based on client choice, focus on competitive employment, integration of mental health and employment services, attention to client preferences, work incentives planning, rapid job search, systematic job development, and individualized job supports (Bond et al, 2012)
In contrast to traditional systematic literature reviews (SLR) this contribution presents a research synthesis, which is based on the realist approach
Summary
Work means belonging to a society. It is an essential part of their lives and improves their self-esteem, helps establish social relationships, and sets life goals (Knaeps et al, 2012). SE is a so-called “place-thentrain” model (Corbière et al, 2013; Grigorovich et al, 2017) and is defined as a value-based and person-centered approach to assist and support people with limited access to the labor market in obtaining and retaining paid work in companies in the first labor market It inverts the traditional VR approach, placing the client in a work environment first and providing support within the work setting rather than training the client before finding a job (Homa & DeLambo, 2015). Some practices, such as the individual placement and support (IPS) model of SE for people with severe mental illness (SMI), are evidence-based and systematic, to help achieve competitive employment (Bond et al, 2012). Other programs vary from segregated day programs to competitive employment as well as segregated work settings such as sheltered workshops (Verdugo et al, 2006)
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