Abstract
Simple SummaryThis study focuses on the welfare and reproductive performance of rabbit does housed in individual conventional cages (C) or in different colony cages: simple (does in the group for 100% of the reproductive cycle: C1) or combi (in both individual and group caging: C2). The results showed that C2 had some benefits compared to continuous grouphousing, but both colony systems achieved lower reproductive performance levels than the conventional system. Although C2 showed some improvement on the behaviour of does, the aggressiveness of group-housing the does to establish a rank order was responsible for injuries, higher disease risks, and higher kit mortality.We evaluated the effects of two types of colony cages, in which rabbit does were always in a group (C1), and where they were in combi cages furnished with removable internal walls to allow both individual and grouphousing (C2), in addition to the control group (C: conventional individual cage), on welfare, reproductive performance, and global efficiency. Forty-eight New Zealand White nulliparous rabbit does underwent artificially insemination (AI) and were divided into three groups, and reared in the different systems for about 1 year. The reproductive rhythm provides AIs at weaning (30d). In the C1 system, does were continuously grouped, while in C2, walls were inserted four days before kindling and removed 1week after it (60% of the timesheet in group). Reproductive traits and behaviour were evaluated during the entire year. The behavioural observations were performed around days 7, 36, and 44, corresponding to the inclusion of the does in the maternal cages, the insertion of walls four days before kindling, and the removal of the walls 1week after parturition in the C2 group, respectively. The percentages of does with severe skin injuries and the distribution of the injuries on different parts of body were also registered. Does reared in conventional cages showed the greatest presence of stereotype behaviours, while the C1 group showed the highest (p < 0.05) incidence of aggressiveness after regrouping (attack, dominance features, and lower allo-grooming) in comparison to the C2 group (17% and 22%, in C2 and C1 does, respectively).Individually caged does achieved the best productive performance (sexual receptivity, fertility, kindling rate, and number of kits born alive and at weaning). The C1 group showed the lowest performance (p < 0.05), whereas C2 showed an intermediate one. Does housed in the combi cage (C2) had higher (p < 0.05) receptivity and fertility rates and higher numbers of kits born alive and at weaning (79.2% and 76.2%; 7.95 and 7.20, respectively) than the C1 group, but lower values (p < 0.05) than does that were individually housed.
Highlights
Domesticated rabbits originate from the European wild rabbit, which lives in territorial breeding groups consisting of an average of two to nine does, two to three bucks, and their progenies [1].The rabbit is a social animal, and under natural conditions, lives in groups, establishing specific hierarchies within and outside the group
Based on the above-mentioned considerations, and regarding the management difficulties of the colony cage, the aim of this study was to evaluate the welfare and reproductive performance of rabbit does for meat production, reared in either two different colony cages or in commercial individual cages
Combination colony cage (C2; Figure 2) with two levels: in the lower level, the maternity cage was located with eight units and nests, divided into two sides, furnished with removable walls to manage group and individual housing, depending on the different production phases
Summary
Domesticated rabbits originate from the European wild rabbit, which lives in territorial breeding groups consisting of an average of two to nine does, two to three bucks, and their progenies [1]. The rabbit is a social animal, and under natural conditions, lives in groups, establishing specific hierarchies within and outside the group. The social system of rabbits is not stable; usually, the males reach the group only in the mating period, which causes an increase in aggression and fighting. Wild rabbits show a particular maternal behaviour, consisting in only one visit a day at the nest-burrow by the mother, with about 3min of suckling. This behaviour is related to the protection of the kits from predators
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