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Abstract
The study examines the precipitating factors for water shortage and water shortage effects on Madina residents, a peri-urban community of Accra, and the forms of coping mechanisms adopted due to water scarcity. The study utilised both primary and secondary data; results revealed that the following effects of water scarcity on residents: lateness to school, inadequate sleep, a more significant percentage of family income and time used on water, increased poverty, low productivity and poor sanitation among others. The forms of coping mechanisms include harvesting rainwater, using bagged or sachet water, multiple uses of water, depending on public toilets. The topography of the Madina, few boreholes or wells, lack of pipe-born water, lack of maintenance of pipelines, increase in population, and lack of projections for the future constitute reasons for water shortage in the study area. The effects of water shortage gave rise to coping strategies and social conflict, which also have socioeconomic implications on residents. The study concludes that GWCL has not been able to satisfy the ever-increasing water demands of urban dwellers, including peri-urban communities such as Madina, that the age-long water crisis in Madina affects all aspects of the social and economic lives of its residents. Recommendations include the incorporation of roof–water harvesting techniques into modern buildings' design. Also, the hygienic use of greywater must be vigorously promoted. The Government of Ghana must also continue to engage in open consultation with stakeholders regarding alternative approaches to expanding access to clean and affordable water, mainly to the urban dwellers where the problem is most severe. Keywords: water scarcity, coping strategies, households. DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/76-05 Publication date: June 30 th 2021
Highlights
The quest for clean and safe water has become enormous more than ever
The study's objective is to find out how residents of the Madina community located in Accra's urban area cope with water scarcity and document such coping strategies among residents
Residents had no choice but to painfully adopt this strategy to better cope with the problem. 4.3.7Dependence on Hand-dug Wells As a result of the inability of Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) to supply enough water to meet the daily needs of residents, it has become vital to look for alternative sources of water supply as a way of coping with the situation
Summary
The quest for clean and safe water has become enormous more than ever. no part of the world is immune to the problem of water scarcity. Sixty one percent of the 8.4 million residents in the country's urban areas have improved water supply services provided by GWCL's networks. In the light of these and other such questions, this study seeks to find out the peculiarity of the Madina water problem, coping mechanism adopted by residents in the face of persistent inadequate water for domestic use.
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