Abstract
Hot stage microscopy (HSM) is a thermal analysis technique that combines the best properties of thermal analysis and microscopy. HSM is rapidly gaining interest in pharmaceuticals as well as in other fields as a regular characterization technique. In pharmaceuticals HSM is used to support differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) observations and to detect small changes in the sample that may be missed by DSC and TGA during a thermal experiment. Study of various physical and chemical properties such sample morphology, crystalline nature, polymorphism, desolvation, miscibility, melting, solid state transitions and incompatibility between various pharmaceutical compounds can be carried out using HSM. HSM is also widely used to screen cocrystals, excipients and polymers for solid dispersions. With the advancements in research methodologies, it is now possible to use HSM in conjunction with other characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), DSC, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which may have additional benefits over traditional characterization techniques for rapid and comprehensive solid state characterization.
Highlights
Hot stage microscopy (HSM) is the coupling of thermal analysis with microscopy for the solid-state characterization of materials as a function of temperature and time
HSM has the advantage of visual observation of the sample under investigation and allows to observe the changes occurring during a thermal experiment
HSM is widely used as a complementary technique to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA)
Summary
Introduction Hot stage microscopy (HSM) is the coupling of thermal analysis with microscopy for the solid-state characterization of materials as a function of temperature and time. Applications of hot stage microscopy in pharmaceuticals In pharmaceuticals, HSM can be used to obtain valuable data on the morphology as well as solid-state properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and other pharmaceutically relevant compounds.
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