Host-pathogen interaction of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on pepper in the southeast of Spain

Abstract

The feeder roots of pepper plants (cv. California Wonder) in Campo de Cartagena (southeast Spain) were found to be severely infected by Meloidogyne incognita. Morphometric traits, differential host test and DNA analysis based on PCR were used to characterize the nematode. Naturally and artificially infected pepper plants showed severe yellowing and stunting, with heavily deformed and damaged root systems. Root galls were spherical and commonly contained more than one female and egg masses with eggs. Typical giant cells with a granular cytoplasm and many hypertrophied nuclei were observed in histological preparations. The relationship between initial nematode population density (Pi) and pepper plant growth was tested in greenhouse experiments with inoculum levels that varied from 0 to 64 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) ml−1 soil. A Seinhorst model was fitted to plant height and top fresh weight data of inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The tolerance limit with respect to plant height and fresh top weight of pepper to M. incognita was estimated as 0.85 eggs and J2 ml−1 soil. The minimum relative values (m) for plant height and top fresh weight were 0.15 and 0.16, respectively, at Pi ≥ 64 eggs and J2 ml−1 soil. The maximum nematode reproduction rate (Pf/Pi) was 315.4 at an initial population density (Pi) of 4 eggs and J2 ml−1 soil. The obtained results could be used as a base to establish field experiments that allow strategies to prevent surpassing the threshold of nematodes in fields that are infested.