Abstract
Host and Viral Determinants of CCR5 Usage in HIV Infection
Highlights
Understanding the host and viral genetics of Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) usage is an important factor in understanding the virus life cycle and has implications for anti-retroviral therapy
The earliest evidence of a role of CCR5 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection came from the observation that individuals homozygous for the CCR5Δ32 mutation (CCR5Δ32-/-), a deletion of 32 base pairs in the coding region of CCR5 [17] were resistant to HIV infection
The fact that CCR5Δ32+/- individuals are not resistant to infection but only to progression raises the question as to whether CCR5 levels influence HIV pathogenesis more than HIV infection per se. These suggestions are further supported by numerous promoter polymorphisms that tend to regulate the expression of CCR5 on the cell surface and have been associated with HIV disease progression
Summary
Understanding the host and viral genetics of CCR5 usage is an important factor in understanding the virus life cycle and has implications for anti-retroviral therapy. The earliest evidence of a role of CCR5 in HIV infection came from the observation that individuals homozygous for the CCR5Δ32 mutation (CCR5Δ32-/-), a deletion of 32 base pairs in the coding region of CCR5 [17] were resistant to HIV infection. The lack of a functional CCR5 on the cell surface was demonstrated to be the cause of this resistance.
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