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Abstract
Simple SummaryThe most common therapies for severe and recurrent gynecological cancers are hormone therapy and chemotherapy, and responsiveness to therapy is a key component in prognosis and survivability. Hormone therapy has recently been demonstrated to be an excellent cancer treatment approach. Hormone treatment for gynecological cancers is taking drugs that decrease hormone levels or impede their biological activity, halting or slowing cancer progression. Hormone therapy works by suppressing the multiplication of cancer cells triggered by hormones. Hormonal therapy, such as progestogens or tamoxifen, is frequently recommended for patients with hormone-sensitive recurrent or metastatic gynecological cancers, but response rates and therapeutic effects are inconsistent. Therefore, we discuss the pathogenesis of gynecological malignancies from the hormonal landscape and the use of hormonal therapies toward clinical applications.In recent years, hormone therapy has been shown to be a remarkable treatment option for cancer. Hormone treatment for gynecological cancers involves the use of medications that reduce the level of hormones or inhibit their biological activity, thereby stopping or slowing cancer growth. Hormone treatment works by preventing hormones from causing cancer cells to multiply. Aromatase inhibitors, anti-estrogens, progestin, estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists, GnRH agonists, and progestogen are effectively used as therapeutics for vulvar cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer. Hormone replacement therapy has a high success rate. In particular, progestogen and estrogen replacement are associated with a decreased incidence of gynecological cancers in women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV). The activation of estrogen via the transcriptional functionality of ERα may either be promoted or decreased by gene products of HPV. Hormonal treatment is frequently administered to patients with hormone-sensitive recurring or metastatic gynecologic malignancies, although response rates and therapeutic outcomes are inconsistent. Therefore, this review outlines the use of hormonal therapy for gynecological cancers and identifies the current knowledge gaps.
Highlights
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide
Decreased the risk of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in peri- and postmenopausal women, but menopausal estrogens alone were associated with an increased risk of CIN3/CIS and combined Hormonal therapy (HT) was inversely associated with ICC
Sixty patients were given 2.5 mg letrozole daily for 12 weeks, and the findings showed that future gynecological cancer investigations might focus on a group of endocrine-sensitive aromatase inhibitors [97]
Summary
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Cervical cancer is the most common type of gynecological cancer [1]. Gynecological cancer refers to any cancer that develops in a woman’s reproductive organs. The developing world bears a disproportionately high burden of cervical cancer, accounting for 85% of the approximately 493,000 new cases and 273,000 deaths annually. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths. Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of mortality from gynecological cancer. Around 70% of patients who have ovarian cancer are diagnosed at stage III/IV and 75% of these cases deteriorate within two years of first-line therapy, making it unlikely that they will be cured. Ovarian cancer is believed to be influenced by the pituitary gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and by progesterone, androgens, IGF-I, and estrogens [8]
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