Abstract
Brain neurohormones and gonadal steroids regulate the production and release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. Each of these gonadotropins is composed of a shared α-subunit and a distinct β-subunit specific to either FSH or LH. The LH receptor in the gonads is specific to LH, while the FSH receptor is less specific and may be activated by LH as well. FSH predominates during the early phases of gonadal development and vitellogenesis in the females and during spermatogenesis in males. LH predominates during the final oocyte maturation and ovulation in females and during spermiogenesis and spermiation in males. Teleost fish produce some unique steroids, namely the androgen 11 ketotestosterone and the progestogens 17α,20β dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and 20 β-S that may act as pheromones too.
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