Abstract
As a result of the presentation of pharmacokinetic studies on the plasma concentration of ovulation suppressants the German Federal Ministry of Health announced a plan for limiting the availability of such preparations. In the discussion about the risks connected with hormonal contraceptives it is easy to forget that these are the most reliable means of reversible contraception which implies that all the risks associated with pregnancy are also reduced. Some of the side effects of hormonal contraceptives which have been studied are those on the cardiovascular system the clotting system changes in the lipoprotein profile disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism and changes in liver function. Gestagens such as Levonorgestrel Desogestrel Gestoden and Norgestimat and other new generation hormonal contraceptives do not have a negative influence on lipoprotein metabolism. Long term epidemiological studies also show no effects on incidence of coronary infarct or strokes. The relationship between orally effective sexual steroids and benign liver tumors has been substantiated but these adenomas are easy to detect by ultrasound disappear after medication has stopped and are not reactivated in a subsequent pregnancy. This data rests on a small number of cases but serves to emphasize the importance of regular gynecological examination for users of oral contraceptives. It is generally agreed that there is not evidence of an increase in breast cancer and that the risk of ovarian and endometrial carcinoma is reduced by about 40%.
Published Version
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