Abstract
As drug resistance problem persists in case of Leishmaniasis, modeling and analysis of different essential proteins of Leishmania strains will help us further to discover novel lead compounds. Lipophosphoglycan 2 (LPG2) protein is required for the development of Leishmania throughout their life cycle, including for virulence to the mammalian host. LPG2 participates in a specialized virulence pathway, which may offer an attractive target for chemotherapy. Homology models of LPG2 of five Leishmania species have been constructed using the X-ray structures of different transporter proteins as templates, by comparative protein modeling principles. The resulting model has the correct stereochemistry as gauged from the Ramachandran plot and good three-dimensional (3-D) structure compatibility as assessed by the Procheck and Profiles-3D scores. Functional assignment of LPG2 protein of Leishmania strains by SVM revealed that along with transporters activity it also performs several novel functions e.g. iron-binding, sodium-binding, copper binding. It also belongs to protein of major facilitator family (MFS) and type II (general) secretory pathway (IISP) family. Important functional motifs have been identified in LPG2 protein of different Leishmania strains using different programs. Potential Ligand Binding Sites (LBSs) in LPG2 protein of these strains have been identified using Pocket Finder program. On the basis of structure of ligand binding sites, particular LPG2 inhibitors can be designed. The similarity in the molecular structure, function and differences in LBSs of LPG2 of L. donovani, L. major, L. infantum, L. braziliensis and L. mexicana provide evidences for selective and specific LPG2 inhibitors.
Highlights
Leishmaniasis is identified by clinical syndromes caused by obligate intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania and transmitted from one host to another by the bite of blood sucking sand fly vectors
Volume 2(1) : 032-050 (2009) - 034 ISSN:0974-276X JPB, an open access journal protein will lead to identification of novel targets for design of suitable lead compounds inhibiting the specific functions of L. donovani, L. major and L. infantum
Different servers have been accessed for accurate prediction analysis of transmembrane region e.g. TMHMM, HMMTOP, SOSUI and TMpred
Summary
Leishmaniasis is identified by clinical syndromes caused by obligate intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania and transmitted from one host to another by the bite of blood sucking sand fly vectors. The amino acid sequence of SQV-7 protein of C. elegans and Leishmania donovani protein, LPG2 are similar to each other (67 (20%) are identical), which is required for transport of GDP-mannose across membranes (Descoteaux et al, 1995; Ma et al, 2004). Such transporters are required to bring nucleotide sugars from the cytosol, where they are synthesized, into the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, where they are used as sugar-donor substrates by glycosyltransferases (Abeijon et al, 1997). Modeling of the LPG2 protein, assigning function to this protein, identifying different ligand binding sites will give us useful information regarding LPG2 protein
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