Abstract
A series of acids with different strength acidity, heteropolyacid H3PW12O40 (HPW) and oxoacids, H2SO4 and H3BO3 were used as catalysts for the sunflower oil methanolysis with an oil/methanol ratio of 1/29, a reaction temperature of 60 °C and a reaction time of 3 h. The effect of silica support on the catalytic performance of HPW was investigated. (10–50 wt%) HPW supported on silica were characterized by XRD, FT-IR and N2 physisorption (BET specific surface areas, mean pore diameters and pore volumes). The fatty acid methyl esters, reaction products, were analyzed and quantified by gas chromatography. HPW and 30 wt% HPW/SiO2 have similar catalytic behavior with a biodiesel yield of 60–63 %. Side reactions were observed at 100 °C in the presence of 30 wt% HPW/SiO2 resulting in the formation of oxygenated products (alcohol, ketone, acid) in addition to fatty acid methyl esters, as evidenced by GC–MS. A plausible mechanism of supported heteropolyacid catalyzing the sunflower oil methanolysis is proposed.
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