Homogeneity and Possible Replacement of Populations of the Dengue Vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Indonesia.

Triwibowo Ambar Garjito,Mega Tyas Prihatin,Roger Frutos,Muhammad Choirul Hidajat,Widiarti Widiarti,Mohammad Sudomo,Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto,Laurent Gavotte,Sri Wahyuni Handayani,Mujiyono Mujiyono,Sylvie Manguin,Rosichon Ubaidillah

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.705129

Abstract

Currently, Aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue virus in Indonesia, has spread throughout the archipelago. Aedes albopictus is also present. Invasion and high adaptability of the Aedes mosquitoes to all of these areas are closely related to their ecology and biology. Between June 2016 and July 2017, larval and adult mosquito collections were conducted in 43 locations in 25 provinces of Indonesia using standardized sampling methods for dengue vector surveillance. The samples collected were analyzed for polymorphism and phylogenetic relationship using the mitochondrial cox1 gene and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Almost all Ae. aegypti samples collected in this study (89%) belonged to the same haplotype. A similar situation is observed with the nuclear ITS2 marker. Populations of Ae. aegypti characterized few years ago were genetically different. A closely related observation was made with Aedes albopictus for which the current populations are different from those described earlier. Ae. aegypti populations were found to be highly homogenous all over Indonesia with all samples belonging to the same maternal lineage. Although difficult to demonstrate formally, there is a possibility of population replacement. Although to a lower extent, a similar conclusion was reached with Ae. albopictus.

Highlights

Aedes aegypti is known as a major vector of dengue viruses (Simmons et al, 2012; Kraemer et al, 2015), yellow fever virus, zika virus (Ja, 2016; Olson et al, 2020), and chikungunya virus (Kraemer et al, 2015; Yohan et al, 2018)
We investigated the genetic diversity, evolutionary relationship, and distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes collected in different locations and islands, from Western Sumatra (Aceh) to Eastern Indonesia (Papua) using the mitochondrial cox1 or COI gene and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA as target sequences
The analysis of the polymorphism of Ae. aegypti ITS2 haplotype in this study showed that cluster 1 was the dominant one (Supplementary Figure 5)

Summary

Introduction

Aedes aegypti is known as a major vector of dengue viruses (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, DENV) (Simmons et al, 2012; Kraemer et al, 2015), yellow fever virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, YF) (da Costa-da-Silva et al, 2005; Kraemer et al, 2015; Yohan et al, 2018), zika virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, ZIKV) (Ja, 2016; Olson et al, 2020), and chikungunya virus (family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, CHIKV) (Kraemer et al, 2015; Yohan et al, 2018) This mosquito species originates from the forest of Africa and, since the 18th century, has spread via transcontinental trade throughout tropical and subtropical regions (Gubler, 1997; da Costa-da-Silva et al, 2005; Gubler, 2011; Joyce et al, 2018; Tedjou et al, 2019). The species is reported to have spread throughout the archipelago (Setiati et al, 2006; IVRCRD, 2018)

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion