Abstract
Homeostasis is the process of maintaining the internal environment despite the surroundings. Enzyme-mediated processes work only within a restricted range of pH, temperature and ion concentration and so these conditions have to be maintained. Homeostatic processes limit the range shown by a variable and control its mean value. Control mechanisms in the body involve feedback mechanisms, which are described in detail. Even though a variable is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism its value is not constant and it oscillates within a band of values. The three main causes of oscillation in negative feedback systems are described. Some of the mechanisms used to minimize these problems are the use of multiple and opposing systems, the dynamic sensitivity of the sensors, and disturbance detectors. The interactions between neural and humoral control mechanisms are explained.
Published Version
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