Holographic Foam Cosmology: From the Late to the Early Universe

Yee Jack Ng

doi:10.3390/sym13030435

Abstract

Quantum fluctuations endow spacetime with a foamy texture. The degree of foaminess is dictated by black hole physics to be of the holographic type. Applied to cosmology, the holographic foam model predicts the existence of dark energy with critical energy density in the current (late) universe, the quanta of which obey infinite statistics. Furthermore, we use the deep similarities between turbulence and the spacetime foam phase of strong quantum gravity to argue that the early universe was in a turbulent regime when it underwent a brief cosmic inflation with a “graceful” transition to a laminar regime. In this scenario, both the late and the early cosmic accelerations have their origins in spacetime foam.

Highlights

There are two cosmic accelerations that we are aware of: a brief inflationary acceleration [1,2,3,4,5] in the early universe and the present (“late” universe”) acceleration [6,7] that is attributed to dark energy
Following Wheeler [10,11,12], we believe that space is composed of an ever-changing geometry and topology called spacetime foam and that the foaminess is due to quantum fluctuations of spacetime
The onset of turbulence was due to the smallness of the length scale in the denominator of Re, viz., l = lP

Summary

Introduction

There are two cosmic accelerations that we are aware of: a brief inflationary acceleration [1,2,3,4,5] in the early universe and the present (“late” universe”) acceleration [6,7] that is attributed to dark energy They are treated independently and separately; but there are some works [8,9] that consider both regimes of accelerated expansions. For simplicity, h , c, and the Boltzmann constant kB are often put equal to unity

Holographic Spacetime Foam

From Spacetime Foam to Dark Energy

From Spacetime Foam and Turbulence to Cosmic Inflation

Conclusions