Holistic Tri-Service Military Pathology: A Proposed Paradigm for Consolidation.

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Historically, military anatomic pathology (AP) services have been significantly compartmentalized, with each branch independently executing its laboratory support mission. The result is redundant and costly duplication of nearly identical services in close geographic proximity. The duplication of AP services disperses the overall caseload, resulting in pathologist diagnostic acumen atrophy, excessive support personnel requirements, inadequate utilization of subspecialty expertise, and overall lower-quality patient care. Unlike many medical specialties, implementing AP services does not require direct patient interaction and is principally not as time-sensitive as other clinical laboratory testing. The practice of AP is conducive to a more consolidatory paradigm to achieve economies of scale. Pathology service unification would also afford the stationing of predominantly subspecialists at tertiary care centers to handle higher caseloads. Larger groups of pathologists increase patient safety enhancing peer-to-peer and subspeciality quality assurance processes during case review. Conversely, the nature of clinical pathology services requires a more widespread presence-even at the smaller, auxiliary clinics throughout the military health system. Clinical pathology services would also benefit from additional triservice cooperation including standardization of quality management processes, increased resource sharing, exchange, and cooperative contingency planning. Laboratory directorships also benefit from consolidating expertise, where pathologists could be physically located at a central site with remote oversight of laboratory services. Here, we propose a holistic triservice consolidation plan for military pathology to optimize resource utilization and ultimately realize the overarching strategic plan for military medicine set forth by the Defense Health Agency.