Holistic Nursing Care for Perinatal Loss Based on Swanson's Theory of Caring

Abstract

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to inform perinatal loss care by expanding upon the five processes of Swanson's Theory of Caring through a holistic lens. Study Design and Methods: This study was a qualitative content analysis of 34 interview transcripts of parents' experiences with perinatal loss. A priori codes were identified using a holistic model which guided the integration of parents' holistic needs into Swanson's Theory. Results: Nurses can address parents' physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and cultural needs using Swanson's Theory to provide high-quality, holistic care that may foster healing. Parents were appreciative of nurses who were transparent, did not avoid talking about their baby, facilitated memorialization, and fostered bonding. Anticipating parents' needs, being emotionally present, and recognizing the meaning of the perinatal loss experienced helped parents to have a more positive loss experience. Clinical Implications: By incorporating holistic interventions into care guided by Swanson's Theory, nurses can empower parents within their loss experience. Interventions to create memories, foster bonding and connection, promote autonomy, and celebrate personhood may facilitate healing. It is necessary to ensure nurses have the support and resources to attend to parents' holistic needs, including education and sufficient time for care interactions. Providing education in perinatal loss and grief, particularly to new nurse graduates, is necessary to ensure nurses are equipped to provide holistic care to families experiencing perinatal loss.