Abstract
Here, we used Bama Xiang mini-pigs to explore the effects of different dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) levels (0, 0.13, 0.64 or 1.28%) on lipid metabolism of adipose tissue. Results showed that HMB decreased the fat percentage of pigs (linearly, P < 0.05), and the lowest value was observed in the 0.13% HMB group. Moreover, the colonic acetic acid concentration and the relative Bacteroidetes abundance were increased in response to HMB supplementation (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis identified a positive correlation between the relative Bacteroidetes abundance and acetic acid production, and a negative correlation between fat percentage and the relative Bacteroidetes abundance or acetic acid production. HMB also upregulated the phosphorylation (p) of AMPKα, Sirt1, and FoxO1, and downregulated the p-mTOR expression. Collectively, these findings indicate that reduced fat percentage in Bama Xiang mini-pigs could be induced by HMB supplementation and the mechanism might be associated with the Bacteroidetes-acetic acid-AMPKα axis.
Highlights
Obesity has increased at an alarming rate over the past years, subsequently resulting in diabetes and other metabolic diseases (Duan Y.H. et al, 2017; Duan Y. et al, 2017)
We found that HMB could mitigate lipid metabolism disorders by reprogramming gut microbiota, as manifested by the increased ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes and elevated Bacteroidetesproduced propionic acid (Duan et al, 2019)
Unlike dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue (DSA), HMB supplementation failed to reduce the adipocyte mean area of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASA). These results suggest that the appropriate HMB dosage was 0.13% and that HMB mainly reduced the fat mass of DSA rather than of ASA
Summary
Obesity has increased at an alarming rate over the past years, subsequently resulting in diabetes and other metabolic diseases (Duan Y.H. et al, 2017; Duan Y. et al, 2017). Subcutaneous WAT accounts for ∼85% total fat mass, and a lower subcutaneous. Subcutaneous WAT was a focus of this study, with the goal to understand dietary nutrients to combat obesity. The two primary metabolic activities of WAT (lipogenesis and lipolysis) cooperate to maintain the relative constancy of body fat under normal conditions (Proença et al, 2014). Excessive body fat contributes to obesity and diabetes (Zheng J. et al, 2021). The increased WAT mass has a deleterious effect on production efficiency and meat quality (Lebret and Mourot, 1998). Maintaining an appropriate WAT mass is an important objective pursuit of animal production and human health
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