HLB-MCX-Based Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Simultaneous Determination of Four Agricultural Antibiotics (Kasugamycin, Validamycin A, Ningnanmycin, and Polyoxin B) Residues in Plant-Origin Foods.

Abstract

An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established for the determination of four highly polar agricultural antibiotics kasugamycin, validamycin A, ningnanmycin, and polyoxin B in plant-derived foods. The samples were extracted with a 0.2% formic acid solution, purified by hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and mixed-mode cation-exchange solid-phase extraction, and then reconstituted for UPLC-MS/MS detection. The chromatographic analysis was performed on a BEH Amide column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) using gradient elution with a 0.1% formic acid solution and 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile as mobile phases. Method validation was performed on 15 matrices spiked at 0.02 (or 0.05), 0.5, and 2 mg/kg. The mean recovery rate ranged from 75 to 102% with relative standard deviations (RSD) was less than 20%. Good linearities (r > 0.99) in the range of 0.002-0.2 μg/mL were obtained. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.02 and 0.05 mg/kg. Studies on the stability of the analytes in the stored kiwifruit samples showed that kasugamycin, validamycin A, and ningnanmycin were stable for at least 6 months, while polyoxin B was observed to be partially degraded (the degradation rate at 6 months was 31.3%). The method was demonstrated to be effective and reliable in real samples. In the kiwifruit samples treated after 7 days, no residues of ningnanmycin and polyoxin B were detected, while the residues of kasugamycin and validamycin A were 0.12 and 0.038 mg/kg, respectively.