HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy and Lipoatrophy

Abstract

Abstract The incidence of new-onset lipodystrophy has declined in recent years. HIV is associated with abnormal fat distribution, which is termed lipodystrophy. HIV lipodystrophy can manifest as fat loss (lipoatrophy), fat gain (lipohypertrophy), or a mixed pattern. Therapeutic options are limited, and treatment is challenging. HIV lipodystrophy is associated with increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, and renal disease. HIV lipodystrophy is associated with a negative body image. This chapter discusses abnormal fat distribution This chapter discusses abnormal fat distribution (lipodystrophy) associated with HIV and antiretroviral therapy by describing what is currently know about HIV-associated lipodystrophy, the current clinical implications of lipodystrophy in persons with HIV and the therapeutic interventions to treat and improve the health status of person with HIV and lipodystrophy. The learner will also understand the different manifestations of lipodystrophy including fat loss (lipoatrophy), fat gain (lipohypertrophy), or mix patterns and the increased risk of developing dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, renal disease, and metabolic syndrome, and associated treatments.