HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GHAZAL GENRE

Abstract

Lyrical works hare not lost their importance since the earliest times to the present day as they are tuned in a certain tone, short in size compared to other literary geners, can be stored quickly and easily in people's memory, have a wide range of aesthetic effects, are suitable for different age and literary training of readers and possess a variety of genres. A significant part of Uzbek classical literature is lyrical works. The ghazal genre is one of the most important of these lyrical works. The lyrics of the classical period are diverse in terms of a genre and include a variety of genres, such as fard, rubai, tuyuk, qit’a, ghazal, muhammas, musaddas, masnavi and qasida. Each has its own genesis and history of development. Especially, ghazal is a popular genre in oriental poetry. Originally it emerged as a genre of poetry created exclusively on the theme of love, and over time, the range of possibilities in terms of both theme and form expanded. Poems of this genre have long occupied a prominent place in the poetry. In this article, the lexical and terminological meanings of the ghazal, a brief genesis, the stages of its development as a genre, changes in form and content, internal and external factors that led to its expansion, the main Arabic and Persian works of the ghazal genre and representatives of Uzbek literature, their contributions to the content and form of the genre are analyzed. In carrying out these analyses, the author of the article refers to the works of classical theorists such as Kudama ibn Jafar, Shamsuddin Muhammad ibn Kays Razi, Kabul Muhammad, Rashididdin Watwat, Sheikh Ahmad Tarazi, Husayn Waz Kashifi and the history of Arabic, Persian, Uzbek literature, in particular, the orientalists as Kanani, Y.E.Bertels, I.M.Filshtinsky, M.L.Reysner, A.Mirzoev, A.Atesh, A.Hayitmetov, O.Nosirov, R.Orzibekov and others who studied the ghazal genre. The researcher compares their scientific works, opinions, similarities, differences, explaines, and comments on the history and characteristics of the ghazal genre.