Abstract
In spite of all efforts to paint a black portrait of Islam and to introduce it as a hostile and intolerant creed, Islamic civilization played a major role in shaping global civilization. Prominent Muslim scholars and intellectuals established the basis of art, philosophy, science and technology which directly and indirectly influenced societies around the world.1 Among all these bright and positive aspects of Islamic civilization, this paper will focus on the Islamic view of other religions and the status of nonMuslims in Islamic regions through the ages. In-depth study of the Quran and understanding the soul of its message, alongside Prophet Muhammad‘s (SAW) word and his behavior with non-Muslims, and tracing this subject in history, will show both theoretically and practically the high potentiality of Islam for peace and harmony. By this view, Jews in the Fatimid Caliphate and Christian Bakhtishu‘s clan were respected in Abbasid Caliphate, and even held government posts. Tolerance and engaging in dialogue with other religions-notwithstanding dogma, brought Muslims progress in all areas and even led some scholars to regard tolerance and altruism as ―the mother‖ of Islamic civilization.
Highlights
Islamic civilization is associated with the ideas of collective rights, collective responsibilities, ethical values, respect for human rights and freedom of the choice of faith
In spite of all efforts to paint a black portrait of Islam and to introduce it as a hostile and intolerant creed, Islamic civilization played a major role in shaping global civilization
Prominent Muslim scholars and intellectuals established the basis of art, philosophy, science and technology which directly and indirectly influenced societies around the world.[1]. Among all these bright and positive aspects of Islamic civilization, this paper will focus on the Islamic view of other religions and the status of nonMuslims in Islamic regions through the ages
Summary
Islamic civilization is associated with the ideas of collective rights, collective responsibilities, ethical values, respect for human rights and freedom of the choice of faith. The word ―salam‖, which Muslims use as a greeting word, means ―peace‖ too. Owning this ideology, tolerance is one of the main themes in which Muslims have absolute belief, looking at it as a basic principle of Islam and religious, moral duty. Studying the subject a time when intolerance is on the rise in the world and there is widespread propaganda presenting Muslims as being intolerant, assumes great importance. It means accepting the fact that human beings, naturally diverse in their appearance, situation, speech, behavior and values, have the right to live in peace and to be as they are. It means that one's views are not to be imposed on others."[4]
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