HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF STUDENTS IN EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES

Abstract

Modern requirements for competitive specialists of various professional fields determine the formation of research skills, the ability to carry out scientific researches and implement the results into practice. Ukrainian universities pay considerable attention to set the necessary conditions for students scientific research activities with an orientation to the best gains of foreign experience. The article purpose: to study the historical aspects of scientific research activities organization of higher education institutions students of European countries. Research methods: historical method – used to study the researched problem in chronological order to identify certain regularities and contradictions in the process of development of research activities of students of European higher education; comparison – to highlight the peculiarities of research training of future specialists in various European universities at certain stages of the development of society; generalization – for formulating author's conclusions. Four periods can be distinguished in the evolution of the development of scientific research activities of students in European higher education: pre-professional (XI-XIII centuries) – the first universities appear, monastic schools, the formation of their internal structure, the formation of educational system with elements of research education; academic (XIV–XVIII centuries) – gaining independence from the state and the church, the right to conduct scientific researches, scientific consulting and expertise, transfer of knowledge between science and industry; reformation (XIX – first half of XX century) – creation of a centralized system of higher education with an emphasis on scientific and research activities, implementation of a number of educational reforms and transformations determining the main university models, establishment of fundamental foundations of higher education institutions – academic freedom, unity of research and education; modernization (the second half of the ХХ century – the beginning of the ХХІ century) – reforming scientific research activity system of European students in the Bologna process context, popularizing scientific research activities, stimulating and financing scientific researches, connecting universities with business structures for conducting research.