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Abstract
Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urological disorder reported among ageing men. Objective The study assessed histoprotective effect of lime essential oil (LEO) in a rat model of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and evaluated its ability to reverse testosterone-mediated changes in the testis, kidney, and liver. Materials and Methods Adult Sprague Dawley (aged 12 weeks, 240–390 g) male rats were intramuscularly injected with testosterone enanthate (TE) (10 mg/kg) reconstituted in olive oil for ten days to establish benign prostatic hyperplasia (serum PSA level ≥ 1.24 ng/ml) in. After confirmation of BPH (sustained serum PSA level ≥ 1.24 ng/ml), rats in all groups (LEO: 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, po, n = 6; finasteride: 15 mg/kg, po, n = 6) except model (BPH without treatment) and sham (no BPH and no treatment) groups were treated for 21 days. At the end of treatment, rats were anesthetised and blood was collected via cardiac puncture to determine serum PSA and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. The prostate gland, testis, kidney, and liver were harvested, weighed, histologically processed and stained with H&E. Results LEO- and finasteride-treated groups recorded lesser mean prostatic weights relative to their model group. Baseline mean serum PSA level of LEO- and finasteride-treated groups reduced significantly (p < 0.05) relative to model group. Serum TAC levels were also higher in LEO- and finasteride-treated groups relative to model group. LEO-treated groups had less thickened glandular epithelium, smaller acini, fewer prostatic secretions and more fibromuscular stroma relative to model group. LEO and finasteride treatment produced improved histomorphological characteristics of testis, kidney, and liver compared to model group. Conclusion By the current results, Citrus aurantifolia LEO may possess active agents that can be explored for translational medicine against BPH.
Highlights
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urological disorder reported among ageing men [1]. e disorder is a non-malignant uncontrolled proliferation of the parenchymal cells of the prostate gland, resulting in the enlargement of the prostate gland [2]. e prostate gland is a critical reproductive organ in males and consists of branched tubuloacinar glandular epithelium embedded in a fibromuscular stroma
Citrus aurantifolia lime essential oil was evaluated for its ability to ameliorate variables indicative of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in vivo. e effect of lime essential oil on testosterone induced histological changes in selected organs including the testis, the liver, and the kidney was assessed. us, benign prostatic hyperplasia was evaluated using serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, weight, and histology of the prostate gland in this study
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is characterized by prostatic enlargement which culminates into an increase in weight of the prostate gland [20]
Summary
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urological disorder reported among ageing men [1]. e disorder is a non-malignant uncontrolled proliferation of the parenchymal cells of the prostate gland, resulting in the enlargement of the prostate gland [2]. e prostate gland is a critical reproductive organ in males and consists of branched tubuloacinar glandular epithelium embedded in a fibromuscular stroma. Lime essential oil is locally used as a sweetener in the food industry but has recently been shown to possess antimicrobial [12, 13], anti-inflammatory [13], anticancer [8] and antioxidative [14] properties attributable to its phytochemical constituents. E study assessed histoprotective effect of lime essential oil (LEO) in a rat model of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and evaluated its ability to reverse testosterone-mediated changes in the testis, kidney, and liver. Baseline mean serum PSA level of LEO- and finasteride-treated groups reduced significantly (p < 0.05) relative to model group. Serum TAC levels were higher in LEO- and finasteride-treated groups relative to model group. Citrus aurantifolia LEO may possess active agents that can be explored for translational medicine against BPH
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