Abstract
Introduction: Non-neoplastic urinary bladder lesions are not life threatening, but are an important source to cause clinical symptoms and signs. However, neoplasms of the bladder are a source of morbidity, mortality, and exhibit more clinical challenges. Cystoscopy provides overall information about an anatomical/pathological condition of the urinary bladder which will be helpful for patients' management. A cystoscopic biopsy is a primary diagnostic tool for diagnosing urinary bladder cancer.
 Objectives: The objective of the study was to find the frequency and histomorphological characteristics of urinary bladder lesions in Dhulikhel Hospital, to find the clinical presentation of urinary bladder lesions and to grade the urothelial tumors based on the World Health Organization (WHO)/ International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) classification 2004.
 Methodology: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital. Convenient sampling was done. All cystoscopy biopsies received from January 2014 to December 2018 were studied. All tissue blocks were retrieved, cut, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The stained slides were examined under a light microscope by the primary investigator.
 Result: A total of 70 cystoscopic biopsies were analyzed. The majority of patients 20 (28.6%) were in the age group between 60 and 69 years and males were predominant 43 (61.4%). The neoplastic lesions constituted 40 (57.1%) of all bladder lesions, among them urothelial carcinoma accounted for 38 (54.2%). Similarly, chronic cystitis 27(38.6%) was the most common non-neoplastic lesion.
 Conclusion: The study found that the neoplastic lesions were commonly encountered in urinary bladder lesions. Among them, lowgrade urothelial carcinoma was the most common bladder tumor. However, most of the non-neoplastic lesions were inflammatory in origin. Cystoscopy combined with histomorphological examination helps in the early detection of bladder lesions.
Highlights
Neoplas c and non-neoplas c lesions of the urinary bladder are common clinical condi ons encountered by urologists in daily prac ces
The study found that the neoplas c lesions were commonly encountered in urinary bladder lesions
Most of the non-neoplas c lesions were inflammatory in origin
Summary
Neoplas c and non-neoplas c lesions of the urinary bladder are common clinical condi ons encountered by urologists in daily prac ces. Malakoplakia, urachal lesions, and tuberculosis are common non-neoplas c lesions.[1] Nonneoplas c lesions of the bladder, par cularly inflammatory lesions (cys s) present with clinical symptoms and signs. Bladder carcinoma is the second most common malignancy of the genitourinary tract a er prostate cancer in males and represents a heterogeneous group of neoplasms.[1] In the western world it is the fourth most common malignant tumor and it accounts for 5-10% of all malignancies among males in Europe and the United States.[3] In South Asia, the reported rate of bladder cancer is about 2.1 per 100,000.4 The majority of these lesions occurred in pa ents over the age of 50 years. The recurrence rate for these tumors ranges from 50% to 70%, and 10% to 15% of cases progress to muscle invasion over 5 years.[8,9] the clinical presenta on of bladder lesions is varying, gross and microscopic hematuria are seen in more than 75% of bladder cancer pa ents.[10]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
