Histopathological Effects of Different Levels of Palm Kernel Cake Fed to Dorper Lambs

Osama Saeed,Awis Qurni Sazili,Henny Akit,Abdul Razak Alimon,Umar Mohammed Sani,Anjas Asmara Samsudin,Baker Tareq Jaber

doi:10.29133/yyutbd.954685

Abstract

Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a nutrient-rich by-product of oil mills that contained a high concentration of copper (Cu) among other minerals elements. The higher dietary concentration of Cu was reported to impair some physiological functions in some breeds of sheep due to Cu toxicity. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate the histopathological effects of PKC based diet on vital organs of Dorper lambs. Fifteen male Dorper lambs (8 month-old) were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Lambs were fed with a diet supplemented with different levels of PKC based on dry matter (DM) (PKC 750 gm kg-1 DM, PKC 700 gm kg-1 DM, and PKC 650 gm kg-1 DM) for 120 days. At the end of the experiment, all the lambs were slaughtered, liver, kidney, and testis samples were examined for gross pathological lesions. Microscopic examination showed that the liver of PKC75 group animals was histologically normal. However, cell hepatocyte abnormality was observed in PKC70 and PKC65 groups. No clinical symptoms or severe histological lesions were noticed in the kidney and testis of all groups. Therefore, the histomorphological normal organs observed indicated the PKC contents provided detoxification and immune defense in male lambs.

Highlights

Mineral elements are essential to animal wellbeing and survival
Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05) was used to calculate all multiple comparisons between means The proportion of lesions and healthy appearance of the liver were analyzed using Chi-Square analysis. This histopathological approach on Dorper lambs was conceived to provide biological insights on tissue changes induced by a diet with 750, 700, and 650 gm Palm kernel cake (PKC)/kg dry matter (DM) that showed the concentrations of the minerals in Table 1
The microscopic examination showed the liver of lambs fed on PKC70 and PKC65 presented with reversible histopathological changes (p < 0.05) as cell swelling hepatocytes while PKC75 unalterable histopathological alterations for the same character (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

Mineral elements are essential to animal wellbeing and survival. They aid physiological, structural, catalytic, and regulatory functions. The need to include ingredients that will supply the right amount of these minerals in the diet of animals is very essential (Bingöl and Bingöl, 2018; Das et al, 2018). If these minerals are ingested in excess due to the addition of mineral supplements and/or imbalance ration may trigger toxicity effects (Reis et al, 2010). Excess dietary Cu concentration was reported to increase mortality, histopathological changes within the tissues of vital organs (Wu et al, 2020). The present study was conducted to evaluate the histopathological effects of the palm kernel cake-based diet as a source of Cu on the liver, kidney, and testis of Dorper lambs

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