Histopathologic Follow-Up of Women with Inadequate ThinPrep™ Cervical Pap Tests and Positive High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Test Results

Abstract

Introduction: We found only a few studies that had performed high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) analyses of inadequate ThinPrep™ Papanicolaou (Pap) tests. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze unsatisfactory ThinPrep Pap tests using hrHPV tests. The colposcopic biopsy results of cases with an unsatisfactory ThinPrep Pap test and positive hrHPV results were revealed. Methods: Between January 1, 2018, and October 31, 2022, 965 (3.7%) of 25,958 liquid-based cytology specimens were evaluated as unsatisfactory. Ninety-five (9.8%) of 965 patients were positive for hrHPV. The colposcopic evaluation was performed in 28 (29.4%) of 95 patients, in whom 23 tests were adequate. Results: Twenty-three colposcopy biopsy results showed that 17 (73.9%) of 23 patients had benign biopsy results. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were observed in three (13%) of the 23 patients, and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were observed in two (8.6%) of the 23 patients. One of the 23 (4.3%) patients had keratinized squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix diagnosed histologically, although no tumor was visible upon gynecologic examination. Conclusion: For the management of unsatisfactory Pap tests, The American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) recommends repeat cytology within 2–4 months. Evaluation of such patients using hrHPV tests may triage those with squamous intraepithelial lesions, even invasive cervical cancer. More studies with a larger number of cases are needed to analyze the hrHPV status and biopsy follow-up of cases with unsatisfactory cytology.