Abstract
Histone acetylation plays an important role in regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression in terms of responding to abiotic stresses. Histone acetylation is modulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases. Recently, the effectiveness of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) for conferring plant salt tolerance has been reported. However, the role of HDACis in cotton has not been elucidated. In the present study, we assessed the effects of the HDACi suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) during high salinity stress in cotton. We demonstrated that 10 μM SAHA pretreatment could rescue of cotton from 250 mM NaCl stress, accompanied with reduced Na+ accumulation and a strong expression of the ion homeostasis-related genes. Western blotting and immunostaining results revealed that SAHA pretreatment could induce global hyperacetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9) and histone H4 at lysine 5 (H4K5) under 250 mM NaCl stress, indicating that SAHA could act as the HDACi in cotton. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and chromatin accessibility coupled with real time quantitative PCR analyses showed that the upregulation of the ion homeostasis-related genes was associated with the elevated acetylation levels of H3K9 and H4K5 and increased chromatin accessibility on the promoter regions of these genes. Our results could provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the mechanism of HDACi application on salt tolerance in plants.
Highlights
Salinity stress is one of the most serious factors limiting plant growth and production
The fresh weight, shoot height, and chlorophyll content were significantly increased under 10 μM suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) pretreatment (Figure 2F–H). These results indicated that 10 μM SAHA may be a suitable concentration to enhance cotton salt stress tolerance
Our results indicated that SAHA is an efficient HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) that could induce global histone hyperacetylation in cotton (Figure 4), which is consistent with the previous results in cassava [27]
Summary
Salinity stress is one of the most serious factors limiting plant growth and production. Salt stress induces a Ca2+ signal that triggers SOS3 (a calcium-binding protein) expression, and SOS3 recruits SOS2 (a serine/threonine protein kinase) to the plasma membrane [3]. The SOS3/SOS2 protein kinase complex activates SOS1, a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter, resulting in Na+ export from plant cells [3]. The proton gradient needed for these Na+/H+ antiporters are driven by the H+-ATPase [3]. Overexpression of these ion homeostasis-related genes can enhance the salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis [7], poplar [8], and rice [9]
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