Abstract
Simple SummaryBoule homolog, RNA binding protein (BOLL), an ancestral member of the DAZ (deleted in azoospermia) gene family, is required for testicular function, maintenance, and spermatogenesis in males. However, in sheep, little is known about the expression profiles and molecular function of BOLL. In In this study, obvious seminiferous tubule lumens and various spermatogenic cells, including spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, round spermatids, elongated spermatids, and spermatozoa, were observed in the testes of sheep aged 1 year and older. Our results showed that BOLL was expressed exclusively in sheep testes. Moreover, significant BOLL expression at the transcript and protein levels were discovered in 1- and 2-year-old sheep testes, in comparison with testes from 0-day-, 2-month-, and 5-month-old sheep. BOLL protein was located in spermatogenic cells, ranging from primary spermatocytes to round spermatids, as well as in spermatozoa with intensive immunoexpression. A preliminary study demonstrated that the sheep BOLL gene is critical for meiosis and sperm maturity. This study contributes to further understanding the regulatory mechanisms of the BOLL gene during spermatogenesis.BOLL is implicated in mammalian testicular function maintenance and spermatogenesis. To understand the expression patterns and biological functions of sheep BOLL, we examined the expression and immunolocalization of BOLL in the developing testes of Small-Tail Han sheep aged 0 days (D0), 2 months (2M), 5 months (5M), 1 year (1Y), and 2 years (2Y), by qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry methods. Firstly, morphological studies revealed that, in addition to spermatogonia, ordered and clear spermatocytes, as well as round and elongated spermatids and sperm, were found in the 1Y and 2Y testicular seminiferous tubules of the sheep testes, compared with the D0, 2M, and 5M testes, as analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The diameter and area of the seminiferous tubules, epithelial thickness, and the area and perimeter of the tubule lumens gradually increased with age. BOLL was specifically expressed in testes and upregulation of BOLL transcript expression was higher in the testes of the 1Y and 2Y groups than in those of the D0, 2M, and 5M groups. Similarly, BOLL protein was expressed mainly in the 1Y and 2Y testes, ranging from primary spermatocytes to round spermatids, as well as in the spermatozoa. This study is the first demonstration that sheep BOLL might serve as a key regulator of the spermiogenesis involved in sperm maturity, in addition to its role as a crucial meiotic regulator.
Highlights
Spermatogenesis in mammals is a complex, continuous, and tightly coordinated physiological process that is largely regulated by many genes whose expression varies at the levels of transcription and translation during different stages [1,2,3]
A total of fifteen purebred Small-Tail Han sheep, from five developmental stages—0 days old (D0; n = 3), 2 months old (2M; n = 3), 5 months old (5M; n = 3), 1 year old (1Y; n = 3), and 2 years old (2Y; n = 3)—were provided by Sanyang Sheep Breeding
Testicular tissues were mainly composed of Sertoli cells and various kinds of germ cells within seminiferous tubules, as well as Leydig cells localized in the seminiferous tubule interspaces
Summary
Spermatogenesis in mammals is a complex, continuous, and tightly coordinated physiological process that is largely regulated by many genes whose expression varies at the levels of transcription and translation during different stages [1,2,3]. There are many RBPs in mammalian testis that play important roles in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, in order to control differentiation of the spermatogenic cells, especially of the round spermatids [6,7]. Expression of BOLL mRNA is significantly decreased and BOLL protein is completely lacking in the testes of infertile men, when compared to healthy men [14,15,18]. For males with complete spermatogenesis, the methylation degree of the BOLL promoter is inversely associated with its expression level. The same results are reported for other mammals, such as goats [20], pigs [9], and mice [9]
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