Abstract
Gross, histomorphometric and histochemical comprasion of proventriculus and small intestinal segments were determined in heavy and light line at last day’s incubation. Five embryos from each line were used at 16 day, 19 day and 21 day incubation. The weight of the proventriculus, yolk sac and weight in addition to the length of each separated straightened intestinal segments were recorded. Histological samples were stained with Harris Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson’s Trichrome stain for histological structures, combined Alcian blue-PAS and Aldehyde Fuschin-Alcian blue stain for mucin classification. The thickness of wall layers of these organs were determined, measurement of villus height, villus surface area and height of epithelial mucosa of each intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) were recorded. The relative weight of yolk sac, proventriculus, jejunum and ileum were significantly higher in heavy line. The relative length of intestine was not constant between breeds. However, the heavy line had longer jejunum and ileum at 16 day and 21 days incubation. Histologically, the well- developed proventricular glands and epithelial folds appeared since 16 day incubation in both breeds. The thicknesses of these glands was greater in heavy line. The duodenal of heavy line had dominantly longer villi with higher villus surface area, for jejunam was restricted at 21 days only. Similar pattern was found for epithelial height and number of goblet cells in intestinal mucosa. The histochemical observations showed presence of neutral and acidic mucin in intestinal epithelium with most mucous cells were had sulphated mucin. Intestinal development patterns were similar for both lines but growth was more rapid in heavyline than the light line.
Highlights
The broilers are marketed much earlier than in the past, many earlier studies focused on the development of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT) during the posthatching growth period to clarify the changes occurring in this tract during selection for fast growth (Lilja, 1983; Katanbaf et al, 1988)
The dimensions of villiin jejunum and ileum were obtained through the cross section of each small intestinal segment on the microscopical slide, following the procedure suggested by Iji et al (2001)
It was hypothesized that these nutrients are used to develop the GIT during the embryonic period in preparation for the extreme changes required for consuming and assimilating
Summary
The broilers are marketed much earlier than in the past, many earlier studies focused on the development of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT) during the posthatching growth period to clarify the changes occurring in this tract during selection for fast growth (Lilja, 1983; Katanbaf et al, 1988). The surface area of the small intestine is significantly greater in heavy than the light line of chicken (Mitchell and Smith, 1991). It has been reported that differences in villus height and width can affect the body weight and performance; increased surface area available for nutrient absorption likelyenhances growth and production (Schaefer et al, 2006). These parameters are related to changes in intestinal function and may be suitable to assess villus function (Yamauchi and Tarachai, 2000; Maneewan and Yamauchi, 2003). Our interest was to compare the histomorphology and the growth patterns of the proventriculus and the small intestinal segments at pre-hatching periods
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