Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the histology, phytochemistry and antimicrobial activities of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) seed and essential oil obtained from Omdurman market, Sudan. Histology was conducted by preparations, fixation, dehydration, clearing, wax embedding, sectioning, staining and mounting. Moisture content performed according to FAO manuals. Oil extraction according to British pharmacopeia. Test of the oil for antimicrobial activity conducted by cup-plate agar diffusion method adopted, with some minor modification to assess the antibacterial activity of the prepared extracts. Standard microorganisms namely; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 Gram (+ve) bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 53657 Gram (-ve) bacteria, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 Gram (-ve) bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 Gram (-ve) bacteria were obtained from Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Institute, National Centre of Research, Sudan. Two concentrations used A (0.5 ml of anise essential oil in 4.5 ml solvent (methanol) to form (1:9) ratio and Concentration B (2.5 ml of concentration diluted with 2.5 ml solvent (methanol) to form (1:18) ratio). Histological features of anise under microscopical examining showing hair (hr), epidermis (epi), mesocarp (mes), oil vittae (vit), endocarp (endc), cuticle (cu), endosperm (ed), fibrovascular bundle (fb), sclerenchyma (sch), srystals (cry) and fixed oil (fo). Phytochemical investigation of anise showed purity (69.5%), moisture content (6.7%), oil content (1.5 % (v/w)), refractive index (1.5622), specific gravity (0.9825), odor and taste (anisthole odor), acid value (1.29) and ester value (14.03). Microbiological activities of anise oil using concentration A and B against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed moderate antibacterial effect. Concentration A showed low inhibition and Concentration B showed no antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli.
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