Abstract
Implant therapy is a predictable treatment to replace missing teeth. However, the osseointegration process may be negatively influenced by systemic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Microtopography and implant surface developments are strategies associated to better bone repair. This study aimed to evaluate, in healthy and diabetic rats, histomorphometric (bone to implant contact = %BIC; and bone area fraction occupancy = %BAFO) and nanomechanical (elastic modulus = EM; and hardness = H) bone parameters, in response to a nanometric hydroxyapatite implant surface. Mini implants (machined = MAC; double acid etched = DAE, and with addition of nano-hydroxyapatite = NANO) were installed in tibias of healthy and diabetic rats. The animals were euthanized at 7 and 30 days. NANO surface presented higher %BIC and %BAFO when compared to MAC and DAE (data evaluated as a function of implant surface). NANO surface presented higher %BIC and %BAFO, with statistically significant differences (data as a function of time and implant surface). NANO surface depicted higher EM and H values, when compared to machined and DAE surfaces (data as a function of time and implant surface). Nano-hydroxyapatite coated implants presented promising biomechanical results and could be an important tool to compensate impaired bone healing reported in diabetics.
Highlights
The benefit of implants therapy is associated to osseointegration, which is described as a bone-to-implant contact without interposition of any other tissue [1]
diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a relative contraindication for implant therapy [10]: well-controlled diabetic patients may be considered appropriate for implant therapy, while diabetic patients lacking good glycemic control may not [11]
At 30 days, NANO coating implants micrographs depicted increased remodeling sites and new bone formation compared to 7 day images
Summary
The benefit of implants therapy is associated to osseointegration, which is described as a bone-to-implant contact without interposition of any other tissue [1]. Being an important health problem worldwide [5]. In this disease there is a notably high rate of periodontitis and tooth absence [6], and is considered a limiting condition to treatment with implants, due to delayed wound healing [7], incidence of microvascular disease [8], and debilitated response to infection [9]. DM remains a relative contraindication for implant therapy [10]: patients lacking good glycemic control might not be considered appropriate for implant treatment, while well-controlled diabetic patients may be [11]
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