Abstract
The treatment of sialorrhea is necessary for the constant risks posed by hypersalivation. A new therapeutic option comes up with the application of botulinum toxin in salivary glands. However, little is known about its mechanism of action in glandular tissue. Based on the above, this work had the objective to systematically review the literature about the action of botulinum toxin on submandibular and parotid salivary glands tissues. Electronic search was performed in databases of great relevance for this study (PubMed, SciELO, HighWire, Crossref, Scopus, Science Direct, MEDLINE, OLDMEDLINE, Serials Database, NLM Catalog, LILACS and IBECS). Inclusion and exclusion criteria for articles were established, and a total number of 14 articles were selected and used. There are few publications that clarify how the salivary gland acini behave with application of botulinum toxin. Although, the immunohistochemical findings were consistent among authors, showing weak immunoreactivity in glands treated with botulinum toxin. Histometric data are divergent, requiring more detailed studies to answer the questions about the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin in salivary glands.
Highlights
Sialorrhea or hypersalivation is a common phenomenon in children during the development of oral neuromuscular control, ranging from 18 to 24 months of life
A total of 216 peer-reviewed journals were found during the search in CAPES; in PubMed the search resulted in 277 works, using a filter which limits the species in “other animals” excluding “humans”; and in Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS)/Biblioteca Regional de Medicina (BIREME) a number of 106 articles were found
Selected articles were organized by author and the year of publication; type and dose of applied botulinum toxin (A or B); animal and gland used in the study; type of processing methods used to evaluate drug action; and main results
Summary
Sialorrhea or hypersalivation is a common phenomenon in children during the development of oral neuromuscular control, ranging from 18 to 24 months of life. Hypersalivation is the result of hypersecretion of salivary glands, but it is commonly associated with the loss of neuromuscular control with impaired oral motor activity and increased saliva flow (Yang et al, 2006). It can occur as a side effect of drugs that act by increasing the activity of specific receptors in the secretomor pathway, resulting in hypersecretion. The decrease in salivary flow and xerostomia, the person may develop severe weakness in oral health, difficulty with speech, chewing, swallowing, changes in the mucous membrane, tooth loss (Sanioto et al, 2013), among others as microbial infections such as candidiasis caused by pathogenic species of Candida (Rodrigues et al, 2004)
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