Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is caused by an excess of circulating thyroid hormones. Its prevalence is approximately 1.3% (0.5% clinical and 0.7% subclinical). Excess thyroid hormone may be due to sustained production or overproduction of the thyroid hormone release into the circulation or preformed by extrathyroidal production. The most common causes are Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goitre and toxic adenoma. The clinical findings of hyperthyroidism include metabolic and cardiovascular manifestations. The determination of T3 and/or free T4 and TSH serum levels allows diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis. Additional evidence for the etiologic diagnosis include ultrasound scan and the serum thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin, thyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroglobulin. There are three treatment options: iodine-131, surgery, and antithyroid drugs. The choice of treatment modality is dictated by the cause of thyrotoxicosis and patient profile.
Published Version
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