Abstract
Chlamydia species are causative agents of sexually transmitted infections, blinding trachoma, and animal infections with zoonotic potential. Being an obligate intracellular pathogen, Chlamydia relies on the host cell for its survival and development, subverting various host cell processes throughout the infection cycle. A key subset of host proteins utilized by Chlamydia include an assortment of host kinase signaling networks which are vital for many chlamydial processes including entry, nutrient acquisition, and suppression of host cell apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in our understanding of host kinase subversion by Chlamydia.
Highlights
Chlamydiae species are obligate intracellular pathogens that represent a significant burden to healthcare and the economy
We focus on the various roles that host kinases play in different aspects of chlamydial infections
MYPT1 phosphorylated at residues T853 and T696 colocalizes with active Src family kinase (SFK) laden microdomains along with other proteins of myosin pathway, Myosin light chain 2 (MLC2), Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), and the heavy chains, Myosin IIA and B [28]. siRNA mediated depletion of MLCK, MLC2, Myosin IIA and B resulted in decreased extrusion production by C. trachomatis [28]
Summary
Chlamydiae species are obligate intracellular pathogens that represent a significant burden to healthcare and the economy. C. muridarum is a mouse adapted strain used as model for studying genital infections while C. caviae and C. psittaci are pathogens of veterinary importance [8,9]. Being obligate intracellular in nature, Chlamydia are reliant on various host cell process for their growth and development. Pathogens 2020, 9, 1034 acquire nutrients, modulate host immune response, maintain inclusion integrity, and prevent apoptosis until exit. Many of these host cell processes are regulated via phosphorylation events by several host kinases. Subversion of the host kinases may be integral to the intracellular life style of Chlamydia. Several studies have highlighted the roles of host kinases in different stages of Chlamydia life cycle to promote growth and development.
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