Abstract
In the field of accelerator technology, the potential of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) materials for electrical transfer was recognized at an early stage. This chapter presents a review of the HTS materials used in current leads and of HTS lead characteristics, design and operation needs. The main requirements for a superconductor to be used in current leads are low thermal conductivity, sufficiently high critical current at the maximum operating temperature and field, availability of metal stabilizer for satisfying protection requirements and possibility of making low-resistance electrical connections. For the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), optimization studies led to the choice of helium gas entering the resistive heat exchanger at 20 K with a maximum operating temperature of the HTS equal to 50 K. Several years of operation of the more than 1000 HTS current leads in the LHC accelerator has to date been successful.
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