Abstract
We present a new method for high-resolution nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging (nano-MRI) that combines the high spin sensitivity of nanowire-based magnetic resonance detection with high-spectral-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Using a new method that incorporates average Hamiltonian theory into optimal control pulse engineering, we demonstrate NMR pulses that achieve high-fidelity quantum control of nuclear spins in nanometer-scale ensembles. We apply this capability to perform dynamical decoupling experiments that achieve a factor of 500 reduction of the proton-spin resonance linewidth in a (50−nm)3 volume of polystyrene. We make use of the enhanced spin coherence times to perform Fourier-transform imaging of proton spins with a one-dimensional slice thickness below 2 nm.Received 20 July 2017Revised 10 January 2018DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.8.011030Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasCompositionQuantum controlPhysical SystemsNanowiresTechniquesMagnetic resonance imagingNuclear magnetic resonanceCondensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics
Highlights
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful noninvasive technique that has transformed our ability to study the structure and function of biological systems
We present a new method for high-resolution nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging that combines the high spin sensitivity of nanowire-based magnetic resonance detection with high-spectralresolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
In Appendix B, we provide a complete description of the modulated alternating gradients generated with currents (MAGGIC) protocol, along with the encoding scheme used for NMR measurements, the main result of which is encapsulated by Eq (1)
Summary
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful noninvasive technique that has transformed our ability to study the structure and function of biological systems. As the spin detection and imaging success of MRFM were being established, there were efforts to demonstrate its utility for dipolar [8,9], quadrupolar [10], and chemical-shift [11] spectroscopy by employing magic-echo (ME) pulse sequences and other techniques developed for conventional solid-state magnetic resonance imaging. These experiments were able to achieve spectral resolution under 1 kHz, showing the spectroscopy possibilities of MRFM, but were limited to relatively large spin ensembles with spatial resolution around 1 μm. This work serves as a demonstration of the power of OCT-AHT to achieve high-fidelity spin control for spectroscopy and imaging in CFFGS-based nano-MRI systems
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