High-Resolution Characterization of the Near Surface: GPR and Seismic Reflection Methods

Abstract

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) and shallow seismic reflection (SSR) methods offer high-resolution imaging of the subsurface. Recent technological advances in instrumentation as well as methods (data acquisition, processing and analysis) have allowed sub-meter characterization of near-surface heterogeneous properties in three-dimensions (3D). As hydrocarbon exploration pursues challenging imaging objectives, such as low-relief structures and fracture zones, accurate near-surface characterization has become increasingly important, both as reservoir analogues and as a way to better understand how complex near-surface conditions affect images from deeper layers. GPR and SSR methods developed for engineering and groundwater applications offer the opportunity for technology exchange between near-surface geophysics and exploration geophysics. We present an overview of research conducted at The University of Kansas in: i) GPR high-resolution imaging of reservoir analogues, mapping the distribution of heterogeneous carbonate lithofacies, imaging fractures and time-lapse monitoring the flow of fluids, and ii) developments in automated 3D shallow seismic reflection data acquisition that allow sub-meter resolution imaging of the weathered zone, subsurface stratigraphy and depth to bedrock.