Abstract
Herein, a promising heterogeneous nanoscale catalytic system constructed of chitosan (CTSN, as a polymeric basis), iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs, as the magnetic agent), and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs, as the main catalytic active site) is presented. Firstly, a convenient synthetic route for preparation of this novel nanocatalyst (CTSN/Fe3O4–Cu) is presented. Further, the synergistic catalytic effect between the novel-designed catalyst and ultrasound waves (USW) in N-arylation coupling reactions of the imidazole derivatives (using various aryl halides) is precisely discussed. Concisely, high reaction yields (98%) have been obtained in short reaction time (10 min) through applying a partial amount (0.01 g) of this nanocatalyst. As the main reason for high catalytic activity of CTSN/Fe3O4–Cu, nanosized cluster-shaped morphology, which provides a wide surface active area, can be expressed. However, as the most distinguished properties of CTSN/Fe3O4–Cu catalytic system, high convenience in separation and excellent reusability could be mentioned. CTSN/Fe3O4–Cu nanocomposite can be easily recovered by using an external magnet and reused at least for eight times with no significant decline in the catalytic activity. Structural characterizations of this novel system have been done by various analytical methods and the obtained results have been well interpreted in the context.
Highlights
Science and technology are shi ing more toward design and development of the novel safe energy resources to create a healthier world
Ultrasound wave (USW) irradiation has been introduced as one of the most effective strategies that can be considered as a great co-catalyst agent for chemical reactions.[3,4]. From both physical and chemical aspects, ultrasound wave (USW) irradiation activates the catalytic sites of the chemicals to enhance the performance of the catalytic systems
We report a novel magnetic nanocatalyst that is constructed of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) as the main catalytic active sites, iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) as the magnetic agent, and chitosan (CTSN) as the natural polymeric matrix for composition and stabilization of the nanoscale ingredients (CTSN/Fe3O4–Cu)
Summary
Science and technology are shi ing more toward design and development of the novel safe energy resources to create a healthier world. Numerous efforts have been made to design and fabricate efficient catalytic systems that include nontoxic materials in their structures and do not need any hazardous reagent for running the catalytic process.[1,2] In recent decade, ultrasound wave (USW) irradiation has been introduced as one of the most effective strategies that can be considered as a great co-catalyst agent for chemical reactions.[3,4] From both physical and chemical aspects, USW irradiation activates the catalytic sites of the chemicals to enhance the performance of the catalytic systems. Acoustic cavitation and cage effect through microject bubbles (microbubbles) that create high temperatures and microscopic pressures within few seconds lead to acceleration of the chemical reactions.[8] As a result, USW irradiation is classi ed as a green, powerful, economical and environmentally-friendly approach in chemical reactions. We try to show the synergistic catalytic effect between USW (using an US cleaner bath) with a novel nanoscale catalytic system for facilitating the chemical synthesis reactions
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