Abstract
Energy-storage films that remain stable at high temperatures and frequencies are crucial for various applications. In this study, we demonstrated that donor-acceptor co-doped simple oxide TiO2 films, viz. V5+-Cr3+ co-doped TiO2 [(V0.5Cr0.5)xTi1-xO2] films, can exhibit highly stable energy-storage performance. The co-doped TiO2 films exhibited high breakdown strength and polarization owing to the local polarization induced by the V5+-Cr3+ ionic pairs. The energy-storage density of the (V0.5Cr0.5)0.02Ti0.98O2 film was approximately 48.93 J/cm3 at room temperature, which is approximately 195 times higher than that of the pure TiO2 film (0.25 J/cm3). In addition, the (V0.5Cr0.5)0.02Ti0.98O2 film exhibited excellent temperature stability from 303 K to 403 K, frequency stability from 0.5 kHz to 7.5 kHz, and fatigue durability over 107 charge-discharge cycles. The proposed strategy can effectively improve the stable energy-storage performance of lead-free donor-acceptor co-doped TiO2 films, which are in high demand in various applications.
Published Version
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