Abstract
This paper presents a highly sensitive flexural plate-wave (FPW)-based microsystem for rapid detection of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in human urine. First, a circular-type interdigital transducer (IDT) was integrated with a circular-type silicon-grooved reflective grating structure (RGS) to reduce insertion loss. Then, with lower insertion loss (−38.758 dB), the FPW device was used to develop a novel THC biosensor, and the results reveal that this FPW-THC biosensor has low detection limit (1.5625 ng/mL) and high mass-sensitivity (126.67 cm2/g). Finally, this biosensor was integrated with field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board and discrete components for prototyping a FPW readout system, whose maximum error was 12.378 kHz to ensure that the linearity of detection up to R-square is equal to 0.9992.
Highlights
Drug abuse and addiction have been serious health and social problems in recent years, which lead to a high crime rate [1,2]
This paper presents a flexural plate-wave (FPW)-based biosensor for rapid detection of THC antigen in urine by using micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and cystamine-glutaraldehyde-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) technologies
To resolve the bandwidth problem, we used an amplitude to voltage converter (AVC), and since the output DC voltage of AVC is proportional to the amplitude of the input signal, the filter of the previous design composed of operational amplifier (OPA) is no longer required
Summary
Drug abuse and addiction have been serious health and social problems in recent years, which lead to a high crime rate [1,2]. Urinanalysis is the main drug testing method among which enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques [4], surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [5], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [6,7] and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [8,9,10] are mostly used. These four technologies present high sensitivity and accuracy, their expensive instruments, large dimensions, time-consuming sample pretreatment, and lack of real-time monitoring functions limit their applications. To resolve the bandwidth problem, we used an amplitude to voltage converter (AVC), and since the output DC voltage of AVC is proportional to the amplitude of the input signal, the filter of the previous design composed of OPAs is no longer required
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