Highly Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Sensor Based on Polyglycine Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Simultaneous Determination of Amlodipine and Ramipril from Biological Samples

Abstract

In this study, the electrochemical behavior of the antihypertensive drugs amlodipine (AML) and ramipril (RAM) was investigated on polyglycine modified glassy carbon electrode (Poly(Gly)/GCE) as simultaneously. A simple and highly sensitive differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric (DPAdSV) technique was developed for the simultaneous electrochemical determination of AML and RAM in 0.1 M H2SO4 solution (pH 1.0). The oxidation process of both analytes was found to be irreversible and exhibited mixed diffusion under adsorption-controlled process. The oxidation mechanism of drugs was proposed using the obtained data and discussed. The Poly(Gly)/GCE showed an enhancement effects on the oxidation current of AML and RAM with the significant peak potential differences of 0.52 V by AdSDPV technique. At the optimum conditions, the proposed method exhibited linear responses in concentration ranges 0.5–25 μM for AML and RAM with the detection limits of 0.08 and 0.130 μM, respectively. Finally, the proposed sensor was successfully applied for the sensitive detection and simultaneous determination of AML and RAM in human serum and human urine samples.