Highly selective epoxidation of styrene at ambient temperature under photo-assisted condition over bimetallic Eu and Ti-doped amino-functionalized mesoporous molecular sieve

Abstract

Mesoporous molecular sieves silica materials had been functionalized employing 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as the surface decoration agent by a post-synthesis method and Eu and Ti with different loading ratio were synchronously anchored on amino-functionalized silica framework by incipient wetness impregnation method, respectively. The structures of the synthesized samples were evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectra, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and solid-state 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The results revealed that the highly ordered mesoporous two dimensional hexagonal structure and the mesoporous channel structure were well preserved and isolated tetrahedral surface Eu3+ and isolated [TiO4] or [HOTiO3] species were found to be grafted and highly dispersed in the amino-functionalized mesoporous framework. A significant enhancement in selectivity and conversion for the photocatalytic epoxidation of styrene has been achieved by synergistic effect based on surface ligand effect and electron density effect between Eu3+ and Ti4+ species on amino-functionalized mesoporous silica framework. The factors associated with the conversion of styrene and selectivity to styrene oxide such as the solvent, metal loading, the amount of NaOH, H2O2/Styrene, the amount of catalyst and reaction time were also investigated in details. The desired selectivity (84%) to styrene oxide and excellent conversion (32%) of styrene for the photocatalytic epoxidation of styrene with turnover frequency of 3.1 × 10−4s−1 were obtained using aqueous H2O2 as an oxidant in the presence of acetonitrile solvent under ambient temperature.