Abstract
Highly microporous carbon materials with high apparent surface areas (up to ∼ 3000 m 2 g -1 ) were obtained by heat treatment of mixtures of demineralised kraft lignin (KL d ) and KOH. The effects of five parameters: temperature of activation (500-900 °C), KOH/KL d ratio (1-5), time of activation (0.5-2h), heating rate (5 and 10 °C min -1 ) and nitrogen flow rate (200-800 cm 3 min -1 ) on carbon yield, surface area, pore volume and pore size distribution were investigated. An increase in the activation degree of KL d produced a gradual enhancement in the volume of total micropores. Highly activated samples also presented noteworthy mesoporosity. Too high activation temperature resulted in the bum-off of carbon structures and widening of micropores to mesopores.
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