Abstract
Multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) technique is one of the critical techniques for 5G and beyond. Each transmitting channel of the MIMO system must be driven by a power amplifier (PA) accordingly, and the output power levels of these PAs are required to be dynamically adjustable according to the data traffics and the high peak-to-average ratio (PAPR) of the transmit signals. For covering different distances and meeting various required data rates, phased-arrays with 64, 256, and even 1024 elements could be employed together with complex-modulated waveforms, such as 16-, 64-, and 256-QAM in single-carrier and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modes used with high PAPR, which creates a strong demand for PAs to have high back-off power efficiency in order to reduce the overall power consumptions of an MIMO system.
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