Abstract
Landmark power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 14% has been accomplished for single‐junction polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, the inevitable fracture of inorganic transporting layers and deficient interlayer adhesion are critical challenges to achieving the goal of flexible PSCs. Here, a bendable and thickness‐insensitive Al‐doped ZnO (AZO) modified by polydopamine (PDA) has emerged as a promising electron transporting layer (ETL) in PSCs. It has special ductility and adhesion to the active layer for improving the mechanical durability of the device. Nonfullerenes PSCs based on PBDB‐T‐2F:IT‐4F with AZO:1.5% PDA (80 nm) ETL yield the best PCE of 12.7%. More importantly, a prominent PCE, approaching 11.5%, is reached for the fully flexible device based on Ag‐mesh flexible electrode, and the device retains >91% of its initial PCE after bending for 1500 cycles. Such thickness insensitivity, mechanical durability, and interfacial adhesion properties for the inorganic ETLs are desired for the development of flexible and wearable PSCs with reliable photovoltaic performance and large‐area roll‐to‐roll printing manufacture.
Highlights
Landmark power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 14% has been accomweight, flexibility, tunable transparency, etc.[1,2] Till PSCs have achieved power plished for single-junction polymer solar cells (PSCs)
Other than those developing stretchable transparent conductive electrodes,[5,6,7,8] many reports have concentrated on preparing active layers and interfacial layers with superior optoelectronic properties, thickness-insensitivity, and mechanical sitivity, mechanical durability, and interfacial adhesion properties for the properties,[9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] as well as large-area manuinorganic electron transporting layer (ETL) are desired for the development of flexible and wearable PSCs with reliable photovoltaic performance and large-area roll-to-roll printing manufacture
A typical wurtzite crystal structure[30] is determined for Al-doped Zinc oxide (ZnO) (AZO) and the PDA-modified AZO by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns measurement (Figure S4, Supporting Information), which shows that the addition of PDA has no influence on the crystallinity of AZO. These results demonstrate that the PDA-incorporated AZO has lower defect concentration, and facilitates to form Ohm contact with active layer, leading it to serving as an ideal ETL to improve device performance
Summary
Landmark power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 14% has been accomweight, flexibility, tunable transparency, etc.[1,2] Till PSCs have achieved power plished for single-junction polymer solar cells (PSCs). The PDA-modified AZO exhibit high electron mobility under low temperature process and excellent mechanical properties in terms of flexural endurance and interfacial adhesion to the upper organic active layer.
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