Self‐Doping Fullerene Electrolyte‐Based Electron Transport Layer for All‐Room‐Temperature‐Processed High‐Performance Flexible Polymer Solar Cells

Abstract

AbstractTo achieve high‐performance large‐area flexible polymer solar cells (PSCs), one of the challenges is to develop new interface materials that possess a thermal‐annealing‐free process and thickness‐insensitive photovoltaic properties. Here, an n‐type self‐doping fullerene electrolyte, named PCBB‐3N‐3I, is developed as electron transporting layer (ETL) for the application in PSCs. PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL can be processed at room temperature, and shows excellent orthogonal solvent processability, substantially improved conductivity, and appropriate energy levels. PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL also functions as light‐harvesting acceptor in a bilayer solar cell, contributing to the overall device performance. As a result, the PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL‐based inverted PSCs with a PTB7‐Th:PC71BM photoactive layer demonstrate an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.62% for rigid and 10.04% for flexible devices. Moreover, the device avoids a thermal annealing process and the photovoltaic properties are insensitive to the thickness of PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL, yielding a PCE of 9.32% for the device with thick PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL (61 nm). To the best of one's knowledge, the above performance yields the highest efficiencies for the flexible PSCs and thick ETL‐based PSCs reported so far. Importantly, the flexible PSCs with PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL also show robust bending durability that could pave the way for the future development of high‐performance flexible solar cells.